Hydrofluoric Acid (HF)

Introduction

Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is a highly corrosive and toxic substance. Even small exposures can result in severe chemical burns and systemic toxicity. Proper handling, storage, and emergency preparedness are essential to prevent injuries and environmental damage.

Hazard Summary

• Corrosive to skin, eyes, mucous membranes, and bones.
• Penetrates tissue deeply; may not cause immediate pain.
• Toxic systemic effects – interferes with calcium metabolism; may cause hypocalcemia, cardiac arrest.
• Inhalation hazard – vapors are extremely irritating and toxic to the respiratory tract.
• Can cause delayed symptoms; medical attention is mandatory for any exposure.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Mandatory PPE for handling HF 50%:

• Face shield + chemical splash goggles (Full-face coverage)
• Acid-resistant gloves (Neoprene or nitrile, double layered)
• Chemical-resistant apron & suit (PVC or neoprene)
• Safety boots (Acid-resistant)
• Respirator (Full-face with HF cartridge or supplied-air)

Storage & Handling Guidelines

Storage

• Store in dedicated, well-ventilated, cool area away from sunlight.
• Store in HDPE containers (never glass or metal).
• Use secondary containment trays (acid-resistant).
• Keep neutralizing agents (Calcium Gluconate gel, lime) nearby.
• Clearly mark with “HF – Highly Toxic & Corrosive” signage.

Handling

• Only trained personnel may handle HF.
• Ensure proper labeling with GHS symbols.
• Use chemical fume hoods when transferring.
• Always use a buddy system.
• Transfer slowly using acid-resistant equipment.
• Avoid metal tools or surfaces.
• Keep spill kit and emergency shower nearby.

Spill Management

During Transportation

• Stop vehicle, alert relevant authorities.
• Do not touch spill.
• Use emergency barriers to contain spread.
• Use absorbent (vermiculite/sand), neutralize with lime slurry.
• Collect and seal waste in HDPE containers, label as “HF Spill Waste”.

On Factory Floor

• Alert team, evacuate area.
• Don full PPE.
• Barricade area with warning signs.
• Use sand or HF-neutralizer, neutralize with lime slurry.
• Collect waste in HDPE containers, clean with calcium hydroxide solution.

First Aid Procedure

Skin Contact

• Flush with water 15–20 minutes, remove clothes.
• Apply Calcium Gluconate Gel every 15 minutes.
• Seek immediate medical attention.

Eye Contact

• Rinse with water 15 minutes, do not rub.
• Apply calcium gluconate eye drops under supervision.
• Seek urgent treatment.

Inhalation

• Move to fresh air, give oxygen.
• Do not induce vomiting.
• If unconscious, place in recovery position.

Ingestion

• Do not induce vomiting.
• Rinse mouth, give water or milk if conscious.
• Immediate hospitalization required.

Emergency Equipment Checklist

• Calcium Gluconate Gel (2.5%)
• Eye wash station
• Safety showers
• HF Spill Kit
• First Aid Kit with medical oxygen
• Battery-operated LED signs
• Danger signboards and PPE reminders
• Secondary containment pallets
• Emergency contact chart displayed nearby

Waste Disposal

• Collect HF residues and contaminated PPE in HDPE drums.
• Label as “HF Waste – Hazardous”
• Dispose via certified agency as per Hazardous Waste Rules, 2016.